Alberta oil sands producers face $10–15/barrel cost disadvantage. Midcontinent US refiners configured for heavy crude cannot easily substitute.
Canada is the largest crude oil supplier to the United States. The 10% energy tariff represents the first tariff on Canadian crude in modern history. Alberta heavy crude has limited alternative pipeline routes.
Actionable options for affected Canadian exporters
Pricing pass-through
Market diversification (CPTPP)
Supply chain restructuring
Canadian industries exposed to HS 2709.00 tariff changes
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