Ontario and Quebec pine mills are most exposed due to proximity to US markets and limited alternative export routes.
Pine lumber exports from Eastern Canada face the same layered duty structure as SPF. Combined duties approach 47% for some producers.
Actionable options for affected Canadian exporters
Market diversification (CPTPP)
Market diversification (CETA)
Supply chain restructuring
Canadian industries exposed to HS 4407.12 tariff changes
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