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CHNHigh

China

Asia-Pacific|East Asia
Overall risk score
65/100
Trade volume (CAD)
$115B
Risk tier
High
Trade relationship
Second-largest trade partner; no bilateral FTA
RISK FACTOR BREAKDOWN
Political risk75

One-party state with increasing assertiveness in foreign policy. Bilateral relations strained by diplomatic disputes, arbitrary detentions, and competing geopolitical alignments. Political risk for Canadian entities is elevated.

Economic risk55

World's second-largest economy facing structural headwinds from property-sector deleveraging, demographic decline, and weakening consumer confidence. State-directed industrial policy creates both opportunities and market-access barriers.

Regulatory risk70

Opaque regulatory environment with significant state discretion. Data-localization rules, anti-espionage legislation, and export-control regimes create compliance complexity. Regulatory actions can be applied coercively.

Supply chain risk65

Critical supplier of rare earths, electronics components, and manufactured goods. Concentration risk is high; supply disruptions from zero-COVID-era policies demonstrated fragility. Diversification is strategically necessary.

Currency risk50

Yuan is managed within a band by the PBOC. Capital controls limit convertibility. Gradual depreciation pressure exists, and currency can be used as a policy tool in trade disputes.

TRADE AGREEMENTS

No bilateral or multilateral trade agreements on file.

TARIFF EXPOSURE

High — no preferential trade agreement exists. Canadian exports face MFN tariffs and non-tariff barriers including phytosanitary restrictions that have been applied punitively (e.g., canola bans). Chinese goods entering Canada face growing scrutiny under trade-remedy and national-security frameworks.

STRATEGIC CONSIDERATIONS

China remains a major market for Canadian commodities but the relationship carries significant political and regulatory risk. Allied-nation coordination on export controls, critical-minerals supply chains, and investment screening is reshaping the operating environment. Canadian firms need robust contingency planning for scenarios involving further bilateral deterioration.

SECTOR VULNERABILITIES

Key sectors exposed to risk in the China trade corridor

  1. 1

    Agriculture (canola)

  2. 2

    Mining

  3. 3

    Technology

  4. 4

    Critical minerals

TRADE FLOWS
Key exports to Canada
  • Electrical machinery
  • Machinery
  • Furniture
  • Plastics
Key imports from Canada
  • Canola
  • Wood pulp
  • Mineral ores
  • Seafood
KEY INDUSTRIES

Canadian industries connected to China trade flows

ManufacturingHigh

Industrial Machinery & Equipment

52/100$9.2B
AgricultureHigh

Canola & Oilseed Production

56/100$13.5B
OTHER COUNTRIES IN ASIA-PACIFIC
JPNLow

Japan

18/100$32B
KORLow

South Korea

22/100$18B
INDModerate

India

45/100$14B
TWNModerate

Taiwan

35/100$11B
VNMModerate

Vietnam

42/100$12B
IDNModerate

Indonesia

44/100$6.5B

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